How to Calculate the Formal Charge
Free formal charge calculator with step-by-step explanation for Lewis structures.
Result
Formal Charge = 0
Equation used:
Formal Charge Equation
If you are searching how to calculate formal charge, use this standard equation:
Formal Charge (FC) = V - N - (B / 2)
- V = valence electrons in the neutral atom
- N = nonbonding (lone-pair) electrons
- B = bonding (shared) electrons
How to calculate formal charge from Lewis structure
- Draw the correct Lewis structure.
- Pick one atom and count lone-pair electrons on it.
- Count all bonding electrons connected to it.
- Apply FC = V - N - (B / 2).
- Repeat for all atoms and compare structures.
Stable Lewis Structures
A stable structure typically has formal charges as close to zero as possible. If charges must exist, the negative charge should reside on the most electronegative atom.
Related Science & Math Tools
Example: How to calculate the formal charge of an atom
For oxygen in many Lewis structures: V = 6, N = 4, B = 4.
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