Line Break Converter
Auto-detect line breaks and convert single ⇄ double spacing, CRLF ⇄ LF line endings, remove empty lines, or replace breaks with custom delimiters.
Line Break Types & Operating System Standards
Understanding newline conventions across operating systems, programming languages, and text protocols:
| Format Name | Escape Code | Byte Sequence (Hex) | Operating Systems / Environments | Common Issues If Mismatched |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LF (Line Feed) | \n | 0x0A (10) | Linux, Unix, macOS, Android, iOS, Git default | Old Windows Notepad renders everything on a single unbroken line. |
| CRLF (Carriage Return + Line Feed) | \r\n | 0x0D 0x0A (13 10) | Microsoft Windows, DOS, HTTP headers, SMTP, MIME | Bash scripts on Linux fail with /bin/bash^M: bad interpreter. |
| CR (Carriage Return) | \r | 0x0D (13) | Classic Mac OS (System 1 through Mac OS 9), Commodore, Apple II | Modern parsers treat CR as carriage-reset and overwrite preceding text. |
| HTML Line Break | <br> / <br /> | HTML Tag | Web Browsers, Rich Text Renderers, Email Templates | Plain text line breaks are ignored in HTML unless enclosed in <pre> or converted. |
When to Use Line Break & Spacing Conversions
Fixing Bash & Shell Scripts
Windows CRLF endings cause Linux bash scripts to error with ^M: bad interpreter. Convert your file to Unix LF in one click to fix deployment pipelines.
SQL & CSV List Ingestion
Turn a multi-line list of IDs, emails, or SKUs into a comma-separated list formatted for WHERE id IN (...) queries or spreadsheet pasting.
Essay & Manuscript Formatting
Convert single-spaced drafts into double-spaced manuscripts required by APA, MLA, or Chicago submission guidelines, or strip unwanted accidental double returns.
Frequently Asked Questions
\r, shown as ^M) as part of the command path, failing to locate /bin/bash\r. Converting the line endings to LF resolves the problem instantly.
\n\n or \r\n\r\n) after each line of text, which is frequently required in academic submissions, editing drafts, and print manuscripts.
core.autocrlf setting. On Windows, setting git config --global core.autocrlf true converts LF to CRLF upon checkout and CRLF to LF upon commit. On macOS/Linux, setting it to input ensures commits only store LF. If your repository contains mixed line endings, this tool lets you normalize files manually.
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